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Type 2 innate lymphoid cells in the induction and resolution of tissue inflammation
Author(s) -
Wallrapp Antonia,
Riesenfeld Samantha J.,
Burkett Patrick R.,
Kuchroo Vijay K.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
immunological reviews
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.839
H-Index - 223
eISSN - 1600-065X
pISSN - 0105-2896
DOI - 10.1111/imr.12702
Subject(s) - innate lymphoid cell , inflammation , biology , immunology , lymphatic system , innate immune system , microbiology and biotechnology , immune system
Summary Type 2 immunity against pathogens is tightly regulated to ensure appropriate inflammatory responses that clear infection and prevent excessive tissue damage. Recent research has shown that type 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC 2s) contribute to steady‐state tissue integrity and exert tissue‐specific functions. However, upon exposure to inflammatory stimuli, they also initiate and amplify type 2 inflammation by inducing mucus production, eosinophilia, and Th2 differentiation. In this review, we discuss the regulation of ILC 2 activation by transcription factors and metabolic pathways, as well as by extrinsic signals such as cytokines, lipid mediators, hormones, and neuropeptides. We also review recent discoveries about ILC 2 plasticity and heterogeneity in different tissues, as revealed partly through single‐cell RNA sequencing of transcriptional responses to various stimuli. Understanding the tissue‐specific pathways that regulate ILC 2 diversity and function is a critical step in the development of potential therapies for allergic diseases.