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Pathobiology of neutrophil–epithelial interactions
Author(s) -
Brazil Jennifer C.,
Parkos Charles A.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
immunological reviews
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.839
H-Index - 223
eISSN - 1600-065X
pISSN - 0105-2896
DOI - 10.1111/imr.12446
Subject(s) - bystander effect , inflammation , extravasation , immunology , biology , immune system , innate immune system , epithelium , leukocyte extravasation , microcirculation , microbiology and biotechnology , pathology , medicine , genetics , radiology
Summary Polymorphonuclear neutrophils ( PMN s) are innate immune system cells that play an essential role in eradicating invading pathogens. PMN migration to sites of infection/inflammation requires exiting the microcirculation and subsequent crossing of epithelial barriers in mucosa‐lined organs such as the lungs and intestines. Although these processes usually occur without significant damage to surrounding host tissues, dysregulated/excessive PMN transmigration and resultant bystander‐tissue damage are characteristic of numerous mucosal inflammatory disorders. Mechanisms controlling PMN extravasation have been well characterized, but the molecular details regarding regulation of PMN migration across mucosal epithelia are poorly understood. Given that PMN migration across mucosal epithelia is strongly correlated with disease symptoms in many inflammatory mucosal disorders, enhanced understanding of the mechanisms regulating PMN transepithelial migration should provide insights into clinically relevant tissue‐targeted therapies aimed at ameliorating PMN ‐mediated bystander‐tissue damage. This review will highlight current understanding of the molecular interactions between PMN s and mucosal epithelia and the associated functional consequences.