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Regulatory T cells in autoimmune neuroinflammation
Author(s) -
Kleinewietfeld Markus,
Hafler David A.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
immunological reviews
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.839
H-Index - 223
eISSN - 1600-065X
pISSN - 0105-2896
DOI - 10.1111/imr.12169
Subject(s) - foxp3 , neuroinflammation , biology , immunology , experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis , regulatory t cell , peripheral tolerance , il 2 receptor , t cell , phenotype , microbiology and biotechnology , regulatory b cells , multiple sclerosis , immune system , interleukin 10 , genetics , inflammation , gene
Summary Regulatory T cells are the central element for the maintenance of peripheral tolerance. Several subtypes of regulatory T (Treg) cells have been described, and most of them belong to the CD 4 + T‐helper (Th) cell lineage. These specific subtypes can be discriminated according to phenotype and function. Forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3)‐expressing natural Treg cells (Tregs) and IL ‐10‐producing, T‐regulatory type 1 cells (Tr1) are the best‐studied types of CD 4 + regulatory T cells in humans and experimental animal models. It was shown that they play a crucial role during autoimmune neuroinflammation. Both cells types seem to be particularly important for multiple sclerosis ( MS ). Here, we discuss the role of CD 4 + regulatory T cells in autoimmune neuroinflammation with an emphasis on Tregs and Tr1 cells in MS .