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Regulation of T‐cell receptor signaling by the actin cytoskeleton and poroelastic cytoplasm
Author(s) -
Beemiller Peter,
Krummel Matthew F.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
immunological reviews
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.839
H-Index - 223
eISSN - 1600-065X
pISSN - 0105-2896
DOI - 10.1111/imr.12120
Subject(s) - immunological synapse , microbiology and biotechnology , t cell receptor , cytoskeleton , biology , actin remodeling , actin cytoskeleton , actin , actin remodeling of neurons , t cell , signal transduction , cytoplasm , profilin , immune system , cell , immunology , genetics
Summary The actin cytoskeleton plays essential roles in modulating T‐cell activation. Most models of T‐cell receptor ( TCR ) triggering signalosome assembly and immune synapse formation invoke actin‐dependent mechanisms. As T cells are constitutively motile cells, TCR triggering and signaling occur against a cytoskeletal backdrop that is constantly remodeling. While the interplay between actin dynamics and TCR signaling have been the focus of research for many years, much of the work in T cells has considered actin largely for its ‘scaffolding’ function. We examine the roles of the actin cytoskeleton in TCR signaling and immune synapse formation with an emphasis on how poroelasticity, an ensemble feature of actin dynamics with the cytosol, relates to how T cells respond to stimulation.