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From lipid second messengers to molecular motors: microtubule‐organizing center reorientation in T cells
Author(s) -
Huse Morgan,
Floc'h Audrey,
Liu Xin
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
immunological reviews
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.839
H-Index - 223
eISSN - 1600-065X
pISSN - 0105-2896
DOI - 10.1111/imr.12116
Subject(s) - microtubule organizing center , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , immunological synapse , diacylglycerol kinase , microtubule , effector , second messenger system , secretion , t cell , centrosome , signal transduction , protein kinase c , cell , t cell receptor , immunology , cell cycle , immune system , genetics , biochemistry
Summary In T lymphocytes, polarization of the microtubule‐organizing center ( MTOC ) to the immunological synapse enables the directional secretion of cytokines, cytolytic factors, and other soluble molecules toward the antigen‐presenting cell. This is likely to be crucial for maintaining the specificity of T‐cell effector responses. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of MTOC reorientation in T cells, focusing first on the importance of diacylglycerol and protein kinase C isozymes and then on the molecular motor proteins that function downstream to drive MTOC movement.