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Regulation of mi RNA biogenesis and turnover in the immune system
Author(s) -
Bronevetsky Yelena,
Ansel K. Mark
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
immunological reviews
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.839
H-Index - 223
eISSN - 1600-065X
pISSN - 0105-2896
DOI - 10.1111/imr.12059
Subject(s) - biology , rna , microbiology and biotechnology , gene expression , non coding rna , immune system , regulation of gene expression , chromatin remodeling , gene , transcription (linguistics) , genetics , linguistics , philosophy
Summary Micro RNA s (mi RNA s) have emerged as important regulators of gene expression in diverse biological processes ranging from cell proliferation and survival to organ development and immunity. Here, we review mechanisms that regulate the expression of mi RNA s themselves in the immune system. Like protein‐coding genes, mi RNA s can be regulated at the transcriptional level, downstream of signaling pathways and circuits that activate or inhibit transcription factors and chromatin remodeling. The resulting primary mi RNA s are processed into active mature mi RNA s through a series of biochemical steps, and mi RNA abundance can be regulated at each step of this biogenesis pathway. Recent work has uncovered regulation of mature mi RNA turnover in the immune system as well. A better understanding of these processes and their regulation by immunogenic stimuli is critical for integrating mi RNA s into current models of gene expression networks that determine cell identity and immune function.