Premium
Non‐catalytic tyrosine‐phosphorylated receptors
Author(s) -
Dushek Omer,
Goyette Jesse,
Merwe P. Anton
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
immunological reviews
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.839
H-Index - 223
eISSN - 1600-065X
pISSN - 0105-2896
DOI - 10.1111/imr.12008
Subject(s) - biology , receptor , phosphorylation , tyrosine phosphorylation , receptor tyrosine kinase , microbiology and biotechnology , signal transduction , protein tyrosine phosphatase , tyrosine , cytoplasm , cell signaling , cell surface receptor , biochemistry
Summary Leukocytes play a critical role in recognizing and responding to infection and cancer. Central to this function is an array of cell‐surface receptors that lack sequence homology. Many of these receptors have in common the fact that their signaling involves phosphorylation of cytoplasmic domains by extrinsic tyrosine kinases. These non‐catalytic tyrosine‐phosphorylated receptors ( NTR s) share a number of other features, including small size and optimal stimulation by surface–associated ligands. We argue here that NTR s are also likely to share the same kinetic‐segregation triggering mechanism, which involves segregation of the engaged NTR from receptor tyrosine phosphatases with large ectodomains such as CD 45 and CD 148. NTR s signal through tyrosine‐containing cytoplasmic motifs, which recruit distinct cytoplasmic signaling proteins when phosphorylated, transducing activatory or inhibitory signals. They have two features that make them uniquely well suited to their role in immune recognition of infection and cancer. Their modular structure enables the coupling of many rapidly evolving receptors with diverse ligand specificities to the same conserved signaling machinery. Their similarity in size and shared signaling machinery enables them to colocalize at cell‐cell interfaces when they engage ligands, facilitating the integration of activatory and inhibitory signals from multiple receptors at the cell surface.