Identification of an HLA‐A*24:02‐restricted α ‐fetoprotein signal peptide‐derived antigen and its specific T‐cell receptor for T‐cell immunotherapy

Summary Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer with limited treatments. Asia has the highest HCC incidence rates; China accounts for over 50% of all HCC cases worldwide. T‐cell receptor (TCR) ‐engineered T‐cell immunotherapies specific for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) ‐A*02:01‐restricted α ‐fetoprotein (AFP) peptide have shown encouraging results in clinics. HLA‐A*24:02 is more common than HLA‐A*02:01 in Asian countries, including China. Here we identified a novel HLA‐A*24:02‐restricted peptide KWVESIFLIF (AFP 2–11 ) located in AFP signal peptide domain by mass spectrometric analysis of HLA‐bound peptides from HepG2 cells. A TCR (KWV3.1) specific for AFP 2–11 ‐HLA‐A*24:02 was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a healthy donor. The binding affinity of soluble KWV3.1 to its antigen was determined to be ~55 μ m , within the affinity range of native TCRs for self‐antigens. KWV3.1‐transfected T cells could specifically activate and kill AFP 2–11 pulsed T2‐A24 cells and AFP +  HLA‐A*24:02 + tumor cell lines, demonstrating that AFP 2–11 can be naturally presented on the surface of AFP + tumor cell lines. The newly identified antigenic peptide can provide a novel target for immunotherapeutic strategies for patients with AFP +  HLA‐A*24:02 + HCC.