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Regulation of barrier immunity and homeostasis by integrin‐mediated transforming growth factor β activation
Author(s) -
McEntee Craig P.,
Gunaltay Sezin,
Travis Mark A.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.297
H-Index - 133
eISSN - 1365-2567
pISSN - 0019-2805
DOI - 10.1111/imm.13162
Subject(s) - microbiology and biotechnology , integrin , transforming growth factor , biology , context (archaeology) , homeostasis , transforming growth factor beta , cytokine , secretion , immunology , cell adhesion , cell , endocrinology , genetics , paleontology
Summary Transforming growth factor β (TGF‐ β ) is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, migration and death dependent on cell type, developmental stage, or tissue conditions. Various cell types secrete TGF‐ β , but always as an inactive complex. Hence, for TGF‐ β to function, this latent complex must somehow be activated. Work in recent years has highlighted a critical role for members of the α v integrin family, including α v β 1 , α v β 3 , α v β 5 , α v β 6 and α v β 8 that are involved in TGF‐ β activation in various contexts, particularly at barrier sites such as the gut, lung and skin. The integrins facilitating this context‐ and location‐specific regulation can be dysregulated in certain diseases, so are potential therapeutic targets in a number of disorders. In this review, we discuss the role of TGF‐ β at these barrier sites with a focus on how integrin‐mediated TGF‐ β activation regulates tissue and immune homeostasis, and how this is altered in disease.