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Complex dietary polysaccharide modulates gut immune function and microbiota, and promotes protection from autoimmune diabetes
Author(s) -
Gudi Radhika,
Perez Nicolas,
Johnson Benjamin M.,
Sofi M. Hanief,
Brown Robert,
Quan Songhua,
KarumuthilMelethil Subha,
Vasu Chenthamarakshan
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.297
H-Index - 133
eISSN - 1365-2567
pISSN - 0019-2805
DOI - 10.1111/imm.13048
Subject(s) - immune system , foxp3 , gut flora , autoimmunity , prebiotic , nod mice , biology , immunology , insulitis , nod , ex vivo , t cell , diabetes mellitus , endocrinology , in vivo , biochemistry , microbiology and biotechnology
Summary The dietary supplement and prebiotic values of β ‐glucan‐rich products have been widely recognized and dietary approaches for modulating autoimmunity have been increasingly explored, we assess the impact of oral administration of high‐purity yeast β ‐glucan ( YBG ) on gut immune function, microbiota and type 1 diabetes (T1D) using mouse models. Oral administration of this non‐digestible complex polysaccharide caused a dectin‐1‐dependent immune response involving increased expression of interleukin‐10 ( IL ‐10), retinaldehyde dehydrogenase (Raldh) and pro‐inflammatory cytokines in the gut mucosa. YBG ‐exposed intestinal dendritic cells induced/expanded primarily Foxp3 + , IL ‐10 + and IL‐17 + T cells, ex vivo . Importantly, prolonged oral administration of low‐dose YBG at pre‐diabetic stage suppressed insulitis and significantly delayed the appearance of T1D in non‐obese diabetic ( NOD ) mice. Further, prolonged treatment with YBG showed increased Foxp3 + T‐cell frequencies, and a significant change in the gut microbiota, particularly an increase in the abundance of Bacteroidetes and a decrease in the Firmicute members. Oral administration of YBG , together with Raldh‐substrate and β ‐cell antigen, resulted in better protection of NOD mice from T1D. These observations suggest that YBG not only has a prebiotic property, but also an oral tolerogenic‐adjuvant‐like effect, and these features could be exploited for modulating autoimmunity in T1D.