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Neither eosinophils nor neutrophils require ATG 5‐dependent autophagy for extracellular DNA trap formation
Author(s) -
Germic Nina,
Stojkov Darko,
Oberson Kevin,
Yousefi Shida,
Simon HansUwe
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.297
H-Index - 133
eISSN - 1365-2567
pISSN - 0019-2805
DOI - 10.1111/imm.12790
Subject(s) - autophagy , wortmannin , atg5 , neutrophil extracellular traps , microbiology and biotechnology , extracellular , innate immune system , pi3k/akt/mtor pathway , chemistry , biology , phosphatidylinositol , kinase , biochemistry , signal transduction , immunology , receptor , inflammation , apoptosis
Summary The importance of extracellular traps ( ET s) in innate immunity is well established, but the molecular mechanisms responsible for their formation remain unclear and in scientific dispute. ET s have been defined as extracellular DNA scaffolds associated with the granule proteins of eosinophils or neutrophils. They are capable of killing bacteria extracellularly. Based mainly on results with phosphoinositide 3‐kinase ( PI 3K) inhibitors such as 3‐methyladenine (3‐ MA ) and wortmannin, which are commonly used to inhibit autophagy, several groups have reported that autophagy is required for neutrophil extracellular trap ( NET ) formation. We decided to investigate this apparent dependence on autophagy for ET release and generated genetically modified mice that lack, specifically in eosinophils or neutrophils, autophagy‐related 5 ( Atg5 ), a gene encoding a protein essential for autophagosome formation. Interestingly, neither eosinophils nor neutrophils from Atg5 ‐deficient mice exhibited abnormalities in ET formation upon physiological activation or exposure to low concentrations of PMA , although we could confirm that human and mouse eosinophils and neutrophils, after pre‐treatment with inhibitors of class III PI 3K, show a block both in reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) production and in ET formation. The so‐called late autophagy inhibitors bafilomycin A1 and chloroquine, on the other hand, were without effect. These data indicate that ET formation occurs independently of autophagy and that the inhibition of ROS production and ET formation in the presence of 3‐ MA and wortmannin is probably owing to their additional ability to block the class I PI 3Ks, which are involved in signalling cascades initiated by triggers of ET formation.