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Ageing and recurrent episodes of neuroinflammation promote progressive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in Biozzi ABH mice
Author(s) -
Peferoen Laura A. N.,
Breur Marjolein,
Berg Sarah,
PeferoenBaert Regina,
Boddeke Erik H. W. G. M.,
Valk Paul,
Pryce Gareth,
Noort Johannes M.,
Baker David,
Amor Sandra
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.297
H-Index - 133
eISSN - 1365-2567
pISSN - 0019-2805
DOI - 10.1111/imm.12644
Subject(s) - experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis , multiple sclerosis , microglia , neuroinflammation , medicine , immunology , neurodegeneration , encephalomyelitis , inflammation , immune system , autoimmune encephalitis , pathology , disease , autoantibody , antibody
Summary Current therapies for multiple sclerosis ( MS ) reduce the frequency of relapses by modulating adaptive immune responses but fail to limit the irreversible neurodegeneration driving progressive disability. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis ( EAE ) in Biozzi ABH mice recapitulates clinical features of MS including relapsing–remitting episodes and secondary‐progressive disability. To address the contribution of recurrent inflammatory events and ageing as factors that amplify progressive neurological disease, we examined EAE in 8‐ to 12‐week‐old and 12‐month‐old ABH mice. Compared with the relapsing–remitting ( RREAE ) and secondary progressive ( SPEAE ) EAE observed in young mice, old mice developed progressive disease from onset ( PEAE ) associated with pronounced axonal damage and increased numbers of CD 3 + T cells and microglia/macrophages, but not B cells. Whereas the clinical neurological features of PEAE and SPEAE were comparable, the pathology was distinct. SPEAE was associated with significantly reduced perivascular infiltrates and T‐cell numbers in the central nervous system ( CNS ) compared with PEAE and the acute phase of RREAE . In contrast to perivascular infiltrates that declined during progression from RREAE into SPEAE , the numbers of microglia clusters remained constant. Similar to what is observed during MS , the microglia clusters emerging during EAE were associated with axonal damage and oligodendrocytes expressing heat‐shock protein B5, but not lymphocytes. Taken together, our data reveal that the course of EAE is dependent on the age of the mice. Younger mice show a relapsing–remitting phase followed by progressive disease, whereas old mice immediately show progression. This indicates that recurrent episodes of inflammation in the CNS , as well as age, contribute to progressive neurological disease.