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Emerging role of micro RNA s in regulating macrophage activation and polarization in immune response and inflammation
Author(s) -
Wu Xiaoqin,
Dai Yao,
Yang Yang,
Huang Cheng,
Meng Xiaoming,
Wu Baoming,
Li Jun
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.297
H-Index - 133
eISSN - 1365-2567
pISSN - 0019-2805
DOI - 10.1111/imm.12608
Subject(s) - macrophage polarization , rna , inflammation , immune system , biology , macrophage , microbiology and biotechnology , effector , immunology , in vitro , gene , genetics
Summary Diversity and plasticity are hallmarks of macrophages. Classically activated macrophages are considered to promote T helper type 1 responses and have strong microbicidal, pro‐inflammatory activity, whereas alternatively activated macrophages are supposed to be associated with promotion of tissue remodelling and responses to anti‐inflammatory reactions. Transformation of different macrophage phenotypes is reflected in their different, sometimes even opposite, roles in various diseases or inflammatory conditions. Micro RNA s (mi RNA s) have emerged as critical regulators of macrophage polarization ( MP ). Several mi RNA s are induced by Toll‐like receptors signalling in macrophages and target the 3′‐untranslated regions of mRNA s encoding key molecules involved in MP . Therefore, identification of mi RNA s related to the dynamic changes of MP and understanding their functions in regulating this process are important for discussing the molecular basis of disease progression and developing novel mi RNA ‐targeted therapeutic strategies. Here, we review the current knowledge of the role of mi RNA s in MP with relevance to immune response and inflammation.