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The immunomodulatory role of tumor‐derived extracellular vesicles in colorectal cancer
Author(s) -
Manning Stephanie,
Danielson Kirsty M
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
immunology and cell biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.999
H-Index - 104
eISSN - 1440-1711
pISSN - 0818-9641
DOI - 10.1111/imcb.12038
Subject(s) - immune system , colorectal cancer , tumor microenvironment , biology , cancer research , carcinogenesis , microvesicles , cancer , extracellular vesicle , extracellular vesicles , immunology , microbiology and biotechnology , microrna , genetics , gene
Colorectal cancer ( CRC ) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide with rising mortality rates predicted in the coming decades. In light of this, there is a continued need for improvement in our understanding of CRC biology and the development of novel treatment options. Tumor‐derived extracellular vesicles ( tEV s) have emerged as both novel cancer biomarkers and functional mediators of carcinogenesis. tEV s are released by tumor cells in abundance and play an important role in mediating tumor cell—immune cell interactions in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, tEV s are released into the circulation in humans where they could also interact with circulating immune cells. This review aims to describe CRC ‐specific tEV s and what is currently known about their role in immunomodulation. In particular, we discuss the ability of CRC ‐derived tEV s to affect monocyte differentiation into macrophages and dendritic cells, and their effects on T‐cell viability and activity. Finally, the potential for tEV s in the development of immunotherapies will be discussed.