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Superior properties of CellTrace Yellow™ as a division tracking dye for human and murine lymphocytes
Author(s) -
Tempany Jessica C,
Zhou Jie HS,
Hodgkin Philip D,
Bryant Vanessa L
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
immunology and cell biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.999
H-Index - 104
eISSN - 1440-1711
pISSN - 0818-9641
DOI - 10.1111/imcb.1020
Subject(s) - fluorescence , cell division , autofluorescence , cytoplasm , biophysics , in vivo , fluorescein , cell , intracellular , ftsz , division (mathematics) , nucleus , biology , in vitro , chemistry , microbiology and biotechnology , biochemistry , genetics , physics , optics , arithmetic , mathematics
The discovery of cell division tracking properties of 5‐(and‐6)‐carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester ( CFSE ) by Lyons and Parish in 1994 led to a broad range of new methods and numerous important biological discoveries. After labeling, CFSE is attached to free amine groups and intracellular proteins in the cytoplasm and nucleus of a cell, and halves in fluorescence intensity with each round of cell division, enabling enumeration of the number of divisions a cell has undergone. A range of popular division tracking dyes were subsequently developed, including CellTrace Violet ( CTV ), making available the green fluorescent channel previously occupied by CFSE . More recently, CellTrace Yellow (CTY) and CellTrace Far Red ( CTFR ), each with unique fluorescence properties, were introduced. In a comparison, we found that the fluorescence values of both dyes were well separated from autofluorescence, and enabled a greater number of divisions to be identified than CTV , before this limit was reached. These new dyes provided clear and well‐separated peaks for both murine and human B lymphocytes, and should find wide application. The range of excitation/emission spectra available for division tracking dyes now also facilitates multiplexing, that is, the labeling of cells with different combinations of dyes to give a unique fluorescence signature, allowing single cell in vitro and in vivo tracking. The combinatorial possibilities are significantly increased with these additional dyes.