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Characterization of the glutathione S‐transferase genes in the sand flies Phlebotomus papatasi and Lutzomyia longipalpis shows expansion of the novel glutathione S‐transferase xi (X) class
Author(s) -
Ashraf Faisal,
Weedall Gareth D.
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
insect molecular biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.955
H-Index - 93
eISSN - 1365-2583
pISSN - 0962-1075
DOI - 10.1111/imb.12769
Subject(s) - biology , sandfly , glutathione s transferase , caddisfly , phlebotomus , psychodidae , vector (molecular biology) , gene , lutzomyia , genome , genetics , leishmaniasis , leishmania , glutathione , botany , larva , parasite hosting , enzyme , biochemistry , world wide web , computer science , recombinant dna
Leishmaniasis control often relies upon insecticidal control of phlebotomine sandfly vector populations. Such methods are vulnerable to the evolution of insecticide resistance via a range of molecular mechanisms. There is evidence that two major resistance mechanisms, target site insensitivity and metabolic resistance, have evolved in some sandfly populations and further genetic characterization of resistance would be useful to understand and combat it. To facilitate the study of the mechanisms of metabolic resistance, here we improved the annotation and characterized a major detoxification gene family, the glutathione‐s‐transferases (GST), in the genomes of two sand fly species: Phlebotomus papatasi and Lutzomyia longipalpis . The compositions of the GST gene family differ markedly from those of Aedes and Anopheles mosquitoes. Most strikingly, the xi (X) class of GSTs appears to have expanded in both sand fly genomes. Our results provide a basis for further studies of metabolic resistance mechanisms in these important disease vector species.