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Transcriptome of a specialized extra‐embryonic cell, teratocyte, and its host immunosuppressive role revealed by ex vivo RNA interference
Author(s) -
Ali M. R.,
Lim J.,
Kim Y.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
insect molecular biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.955
H-Index - 93
eISSN - 1365-2583
pISSN - 0962-1075
DOI - 10.1111/imb.12132
Subject(s) - biology , transcriptome , rna interference , ex vivo , gene knockdown , rna , microbiology and biotechnology , gene , small hairpin rna , gene expression , rna silencing , genetics , in vivo
The specialized wasp cells teratocytes ( TC s) are derived from the embryonic serosal membrane of some parasitic hymenopteran insects. As a parasitic factor, TC s are multifunctional in host regulation, such as host nutritional deprivation, immunosuppression and developmental arrest; however, little is understood about their genetic constituents. The present study provides a comprehensive view of the genes expressed by TC s through a transcriptome analysis based on RNA sequencing technology. The assembled 34 686 contigs (>200 base pairs) were annotated into different functional categories, indicating a distinct distribution in gene transcripts compared with those of haemocytes and fat body. The TC transcriptome contained components of insulin signalling and biosyntheses of juvenile hormone and 20‐hydroxyecdysone. TC s also expressed various groups of digestive enzymes, indicating that they have nutritional role for the growing parasitoid larvae in parasitism. Furthermore, through this transcriptome analysis two kinds of immunosuppressive serine protease inhibitors (serpins) and Rho GTP ase‐activating proteins ( R ho GAP s) were annotated. To determine the biological functions of these factors, we devised ex vivo RNA interference ( RNA i) by conducting knockdown of gene expression in in vitro ‐cultured TC s followed by injection of the treated TC s to test insects. Ex vivo RNA i revealed that some serpins and R ho GAP s expressed in TC s inhibited host cellular immunity. This study reports a transcriptome of the unique TC animal cell and its immunosuppressive genetic factors using ex vivo RNA i technology.