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Changing trends in the etiology and management of vesicovaginal fistula
Author(s) -
Malik Muhammad A,
Sohail Muhammad,
Malik Muhammad TB,
Khalid Nauman,
Akram Adeen
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
international journal of urology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.172
H-Index - 67
eISSN - 1442-2042
pISSN - 0919-8172
DOI - 10.1111/iju.13419
Subject(s) - medicine , vesicovaginal fistula , etiology , intervention (counseling) , fistula , urinary incontinence , health care , nursing , surgery , psychiatry , economics , economic growth
Vesicovaginal fistula has remained a scourge and of public health importance, causing significant morbidity, and psychological and social problems to the patient. Continuous wetness, odor and discomfort cause serious social issues. The diagnosis has been traditionally based on clinical evaluation, dye testing, cystoscopic examination and contrast studies. A successful repair of such fistulas requires an accurate diagnosis and timely surgical intervention using techniques that are based on basic surgical principles with or without the use of interpositional flaps. The method of repair depends on the type and location of the fistula, and the surgeon's training and expertise. The main complications are recurrence and stress/urge incontinence. Prevention must include universal education, improvement in the social and nutritional status of women, discouraging early marriages, and the provision of improved accessible healthcare services.