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Male non‐gonococcal urethritis: From microbiological etiologies to demographic and clinical features
Author(s) -
Ito Shin,
Hanaoka Nozomu,
Shimuta Ken,
Seike Kensaku,
Tsuchiya Tomohiro,
Yasuda Mitsuru,
Yokoi Shigeaki,
Nakano Masahiro,
Ohnishi Makoto,
Deguchi Takashi
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
international journal of urology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.172
H-Index - 67
eISSN - 1442-2042
pISSN - 0919-8172
DOI - 10.1111/iju.13044
Subject(s) - urethritis , mycoplasma genitalium , ureaplasma urealyticum , chlamydia trachomatis , neisseria gonorrhoeae , medicine , trichomonas vaginalis , ureaplasma , non gonococcal urethritis , gonorrhea , microbiology and biotechnology , mycoplasma , virology , gynecology , biology , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)
Objectives To detect microorganisms responsible for male acute urethritis and to define the microbiology of non‐gonococcal urethritis. Methods The present study comprised 424 men with symptoms and signs compatible with acute urethritis. Their urethral swabs and first‐voided urine underwent detection of the microorganisms. Demographic characteristics and clinical features of Mycoplasma genitalium ‐, Ureaplasma urealyticum ‐, Haemophilus influenza ‐, adenovirus‐ or Herpes simplex virus‐positive monomicrobial non‐gonococcal urethritis, or all‐examined microorganism‐negative urethritis in heterosexual men were compared with urethritis positive only for Chlamydia trachomatis . Results Neisseria gonorrhoeae was detected in 127 men (30.0%). In 297 men with non‐gonococcal urethritis, C. trachomatis was detected in 143 (48.1%). In 154 men with non‐chlamydial non‐gonococcal urethritis, M. genitalium (22.7%), M. hominis (5.8%), Ureaplasma parvum (9.1%), U. urealyticum (19.5%), H. influenzae (14.3%), Neisseria meningitidis (3.9%), Trichomonas vaginalis (1.3%), human adenovirus (16.2%), and Herpes simplex virus types 1 (7.1%) and 2 (2.6%) were detected. Although some features of monomicrobial non‐chlamydial non‐gonococcal urethritis or all‐examined microorganism‐negative urethritis were significantly different from those of monomicrobial chlamydial non‐gonococcal urethritis, most features were superimposed. Conclusions Predicting causative microorganisms in men with non‐gonococcal urethritis based on demographic and clinical features is difficult. However, the present study provides useful information to better understand the microbiological diversity in non‐gonococcal urethritis, and to manage patients with non‐gonococcal urethritis appropriately.