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Prostate‐specific antigen lowering effect of metabolic syndrome is influenced by prostate volume
Author(s) -
Choi Woo Suk,
Heo Nam Ju,
Paick JaeSeung,
Son Hwancheol
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
international journal of urology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.172
H-Index - 67
eISSN - 1442-2042
pISSN - 0919-8172
DOI - 10.1111/iju.13042
Subject(s) - prostate specific antigen , medicine , metabolic syndrome , prostate , prostate cancer , antigen , urology , endocrinology , transrectal ultrasonography , immunology , diabetes mellitus , cancer
Objectives To investigate the influence of metabolic syndrome on prostate‐specific antigen levels by considering prostate volume and plasma volume. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 4111 men who underwent routine check‐ups including prostate‐specific antigen and transrectal ultrasonography. The definition of metabolic syndrome was based on the modified Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Prostate‐specific antigen mass density (prostate‐specific antigen × plasma volume / prostate volume) was calculated for adjusting plasma volume and prostate volume. We compared prostate‐specific antigen and prostate‐specific antigen mass density levels of participants with metabolic syndrome (metabolic syndrome group, n = 1242) and without metabolic syndrome (non‐prostate‐specific antigen metabolic syndrome group, n = 2869). To evaluate the impact of metabolic syndrome on prostate‐specific antigen, linear regression analysis for the natural logarithm of prostate‐specific antigen was used. Results Patients in the metabolic syndrome group had significantly older age ( P < 0.001), larger prostate volume ( P < 0.001), higher plasma volume ( P < 0.001) and lower mean serum prostate‐specific antigen (non‐metabolic syndrome group vs metabolic syndrome group; 1.22 ± 0.91 vs 1.15 ± 0.76 ng/mL, P = 0.006). Prostate‐specific antigen mass density in the metabolic syndrome group was still significantly lower than that in the metabolic syndrome group (0.124 ± 0.084 vs 0.115 ± 0.071 μg/mL, P = 0.001). After adjusting for age, prostate volume and plasma volume using linear regression model, the presence of metabolic syndrome was a significant independent factor for lower prostate‐specific antigen (prostate‐specific antigen decrease by 4.1%, P = 0.046). Conclusions Prostate‐specific antigen levels in patients with metabolic syndrome seem to be lower, and this finding might be affected by the prostate volume.