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Validation of a patient‐specific simulator for laparoscopic renal surgery
Author(s) -
Makiyama Kazuhide,
Yamanaka Hiroyuki,
Ueno Daiki,
Ohsaka Kimito,
Sano Futoshi,
Nakaigawa Noboru,
Yao Masahiro,
Kubota Yoshinobu
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
international journal of urology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.172
H-Index - 67
eISSN - 1442-2042
pISSN - 0919-8172
DOI - 10.1111/iju.12737
Subject(s) - medicine , surgical simulation , laparoscopy , laparoscopic surgery , surgery , surgical procedures , medical physics
Objectives To describe and to validate a novel patient‐specific virtual‐reality based simulator for laparoscopic surgery. Methods Three surgeons carried out 13 preoperative simulations at Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan, from 2011 to 2012. The procedures included seven nephrectomies, four partial nephrectomies and two pyeloplasties. We evaluated whether the anatomies reproduced by the simulator matched those encountered during the actual operations. Furthermore, the surgeons were asked to use visual analog scales (from 1 to 5; higher scores are better) to evaluate the anatomical integrity and utility of the simulations, and their intraoperative confidence during the subsequent surgical procedures. Results The simulator reproduced the patients’ anatomies almost perfectly. Only a few minor mistakes were identified. Regarding the surgeons’ evaluations of the system, the mean scores for the anatomical integrity and utility of the simulations, and the surgeons’ intraoperative confidence were 3.4, 4.2 and 4.1, respectively. In all 13 cases, the surgeons were able to carry out preoperative training with ease, and they stated that the simulator was useful for producing preoperative images. Conclusions A patient‐specific simulator for laparoscopic renal surgery has been successfully developed. This system correctly reproduces anatomical structures, and it seems to be a useful preoperative training tool.