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Contrast‐enhanced transrectal ultrasonography: Measurement of prostate cancer tumor size and correlation with radical prostatectomy specimens
Author(s) -
Qi Ting Yue,
Chen Ya Qing,
Jiang Jun,
Zhu Yun Kai,
Yao Xiao Hong,
Qi Jun
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
international journal of urology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.172
H-Index - 67
eISSN - 1442-2042
pISSN - 0919-8172
DOI - 10.1111/iju.12125
Subject(s) - medicine , transrectal ultrasonography , prostatectomy , histopathology , prostate cancer , prostate , grayscale , ultrasound , radiology , nuclear medicine , ultrasonography , biopsy , prospective cohort study , contrast (vision) , cancer , pathology , pixel , artificial intelligence , computer science , computer vision
Objectives To determine the accuracy of contrast‐enhanced transrectal ultrasonography for tumor size measurements of hypoechoic prostate cancer foci located in the peripheral zone. Methods A total of 55 men scheduled for radical prostatectomy, with biopsy‐proven cancer in hypoechoic foci located in the peripheral zone, were consecutively enrolled in the present prospective study. Each patient underwent grayscale ultrasound and contrast‐enhanced transrectal ultrasonography of the prostate according to a standardized protocol. The maximum tumor diameter on grayscale imaging and contrast‐enhanced transrectal ultrasonography was compared with that determined using histopathology. Results A mean underestimation was documented to be approximately 3.9 mm and 0.6 mm for grayscale and contrast‐enhanced transrectal ultrasonography imaging, respectively. Grayscale and contrast‐enhanced transrectal ultrasonography imaging underestimated measurements by 76.67% (46 of 60) and 48.33% (29 of 60), whereas overestimated measurements were 20% (12 of 60) and 26.67% (16 of 60), respectively. A strong correlation was observed between contrast‐enhanced transrectal ultrasonography and histopathological measurements ( r = 0.91, P < 0.0001). A weak linear correlation was found between grayscale and histopathological measurements ( r = 0.59, P < 0.0001). Bland– A ltman analysis results were in complete accordance with correlation analysis results. For cases with maximum histopathological tumor diameters ≤10 mm and >10 mm, 40% (6 of 15) and 86.67% (39 of 45) were index tumors, respectively ( P < 0.0001). Conclusions Contrast‐enhanced transrectal ultrasonography is significantly more accurate than conventional grayscale imaging for measuring prostate tumor size, especially for tumors with a diameter >10 mm, and it might have a role in preoperative assessment of prostatic index tumor sizes.