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J apan C ancer of the P rostate R isk A ssessment for combined androgen blockade including bicalutamide: Clinical application and validation
Author(s) -
Kitagawa Yasuhide,
Hinotsu Shiro,
Shigehara Kazuyoshi,
Nakashima Kazufumi,
Kawaguchi Shohei,
Yaegashi Hiroshi,
Mizokami Atsushi,
Akaza Hideyuki,
Namiki Mikio
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
international journal of urology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.172
H-Index - 67
eISSN - 1442-2042
pISSN - 0919-8172
DOI - 10.1111/iju.12037
Subject(s) - medicine , prostate cancer , bicalutamide , oncology , prostate specific antigen , univariate analysis , androgen deprivation therapy , prostate , cancer , multivariate analysis , androgen receptor
Objectives The J apan C ancer of the P rostate R isk A ssessment was developed as a risk stratification instrument for patients undergoing primary androgen deprivation therapy. However, there have been no studies to validate the accuracy of the J apan C ancer of the P rostate R isk A ssessment in predicting clinical outcomes. We examined whether the clinical outcomes of patients treated with combined androgen blockade could be stratified using the J apan C ancer of the P rostate R isk A ssessment. Methods A total of 319 patients with prostate cancer treated with luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone agonist plus bicalutamide were included in this analysis. Progression‐free survival, cause‐specific survival and overall survival were compared among patients divided according to the prostate‐specific antigen level at diagnosis, G leason score on biopsy specimens, tumor–nodes–metastasis classification and J apan C ancer of the P rostate R isk A ssessment score. Results The median age of the patients was 75 years, and the median prostate‐specific antigen at diagnosis was 25.4 ng/mL. A total of 102 patients (32.0%) had lymph node and/or distant metastases. On univariate analysis, the factors adopted in the J apan C ancer of the P rostate R isk A ssessment points were significant predictors of progression‐free survival. On multivariate analysis, clinical T stage and M stage were significant predictors of progression‐free survival. The probabilities of progression‐free survival and cause‐specific survival were significantly different among the groups categorized according to the J apan C ancer of the P rostate R isk A ssessment risk strata. The probability of overall survival in the low‐risk group was higher than in the other groups. Conclusions The progression‐free survival, cause‐specific survival and overall survival of prostate cancer patients treated by combined androgen blockade with bicalutamide were stratified by the J apan C ancer of the P rostate R isk A ssessment. The J apan C ancer of the P rostate R isk A ssessment score is clinically useful as a predictor of the prognosis of prostate cancer treated with combined androgen blockade.