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Neighbourhood socio‐economic environment predicts adiposity and obesity risk in children under two
Author(s) -
Conrey Shan C.,
Burrell Allison R.,
Brokamp Cole,
Burke Rachel M.,
Couch Sarah C.,
Niu Liang,
Mattison Claire P.,
Piasecki Alexandra,
Payne Daniel C.,
Staat Mary A.,
Morrow Ardythe L.
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
pediatric obesity
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.226
H-Index - 69
eISSN - 2047-6310
pISSN - 2047-6302
DOI - 10.1111/ijpo.12964
Subject(s) - medicine , breastfeeding , obesity , demography , body mass index , quartile , neighbourhood (mathematics) , cohort , childhood obesity , relative risk , poisson regression , overweight , gerontology , pediatrics , environmental health , population , confidence interval , mathematical analysis , mathematics , sociology
Summary Background Neighbourhood socio‐economic environment (SEE) is associated with obesity in older children and adults, but little is known about this relationship in younger children. Breastfeeding is an important preventative of adiposity in childhood, but its relationship with neighbourhood SEE is unknown. Aims We assessed differences in adiposity and obesity in children before age two by neighbourhood SEE, controlling for family socio‐demographics and breastfeeding duration. Materials and Methods Family socio‐demographics, child body mass index z scores (BMI z ), and breastfeeding duration were collected at periodic study visits from participants in PREVAIL ( n = 245), a birth cohort in Cincinnati, OH. Addresses were assigned a Deprivation Index score, a validated measure of SEE, and dichotomized into highest SEE (least deprived quartile of scores) and not highest SEE (remaining quartiles). Longitudinal and Poisson models assessed differences in BMI z by SEE over the second year of life and obesity risk at age two, respectively (highest SEE, reference ), while attenuation of obesity risk by breastfeeding duration was tested in mediation models. Results Residing outside of the highest SEE neighbourhoods was associated with an increased BMI z of 0.04 (95%CI 0.02, 0.06) per month of life and increased obesity risk at age two (aRR: 3.7, 95%CI 1.2, 16.2), controlling for family socio‐demographics. Breastfeeding duration attenuated >9% of the obesity risk attributable to SEE (mediated RR: 3.4, 95%CI 1.1, 14.8). Discussion In the PREVAIL Cohort, residing outside of the highest SEE neighbourhoods predicted a significant increase in BMI z and obesity risk in children before age two, a relationship that was partially mediated by breastfeeding duration. Conclusion Breastfeeding support may play an important role in reducing obesity rates in children in lower SEE neighbourhoods.