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Cord IGF ‐ I concentrations in Indian newborns: associations with neonatal body composition and maternal determinants
Author(s) -
Wiley A. S.,
Lubree H. G.,
Joshi S. M.,
Bhat D. S.,
Ramdas L. V.,
Rao A. S.,
Thuse N. V.,
Deshpande V. U.,
Yajnik C. S.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
pediatric obesity
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.226
H-Index - 69
eISSN - 2047-6310
pISSN - 2047-6302
DOI - 10.1111/ijpo.12038
Subject(s) - medicine , cord blood , placenta , cord , birth weight , gestation , anthropometry , body mass index , gestational age , pregnancy , endocrinology , fetus , obstetrics , biology , surgery , genetics
Summary Background Indian newborns have been described as ‘thin‐fat’ compared with European babies, but little is known about how this phenotype relates to the foetal growth factor IGF ‐ I (insulin‐like growth factor I) or its binding protein IGFBP ‐3. Objective To assess cord IGF‐I and IGFBP‐3 concentrations in a sample of Indian newborns and evaluate their associations with neonatal adiposity and maternal factors. Methods A prospective cohort study of 146 pregnant mothers with dietary, anthropometric and biochemical measurements at 28 and 34 weeks gestation. Neonatal weight, length, skin‐folds, circumferences, and cord blood IGF ‐ I and IGFBP ‐3 concentrations were measured at birth. Results Average cord IGF ‐ I and IGFBP ‐3 concentrations were 46.6 (2.2) and 1269.4 (41) ng mL −1 , respectively. Girls had higher mean IGF ‐ I than boys (51.4 ng mL −1 vs. 42.9 ng mL −1 ; P < 0.03), but IGFBP ‐3 did not differ. Cord IGF ‐ I was positively correlated with all birth size measures except length, and most strongly with neonatal sum‐of‐skin‐folds ( r = 0.50, P < 0.001). IGFBP ‐3 was positively correlated with ponderal index, sum‐of‐skin‐folds and placenta weight ( r = 0.21, 0.19, 0.16, respectively; P < 0.05). Of maternal demographic and anthropometric characteristics, only parity was correlated with cord IGF ‐ I ( r = 0.27, P < 0.001). Among dietary behaviours, maternal daily milk intake at 34 weeks gestation predicted higher cord IGF ‐ I compared to no‐milk intake (51.8 ng mL −1 vs. 36.5 ng mL −1 , P < 0.01) after controlling for maternal characteristics, placental weight, and newborn gestational age, sex, weight and sum‐of‐skin‐folds. Sum‐of‐skin‐folds were positively associated with cord IGF ‐ I in this multivariate model (57.3 ng mL −1 vs. 35.1 ng mL −1 for highest and lowest sum‐of skin‐fold quartile, P < 0.001). IGFBP ‐3 did not show significant relationships with these covariates. Conclusion In this Indian study, cord IGF ‐ I concentration was associated with greater adiposity among newborns. Maternal milk intake may play a role in this relationship.