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How I investigate difficult cells at the optical microscope
Author(s) -
Zini Gina
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
international journal of laboratory hematology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.705
H-Index - 55
eISSN - 1751-553X
pISSN - 1751-5521
DOI - 10.1111/ijlh.13437
Subject(s) - immunophenotyping , pathology , histopathology , peripheral blood , cornerstone , bone marrow , medicine , immunology , flow cytometry , art , visual arts
Blood cell morphological identification on the peripheral blood and bone marrow films remains a cornerstone for the diagnosis of hematological neoplasms to be integrated with immunophenotyping, molecular genetics, and histopathology. Although standardization is still far from being achieved, with high interobserver variability, in recent years, several classification approaches, from the 1976 FAB to the 2016 WHO classification, have provided hematologists with detailed morphological descriptions for a large number of diseases. Counting blasts and detecting dysplastic specimens are two cornerstones of morphological diagnosis. This review deals with identifying difficult cells, with particular reference of those with relevant diagnostic implications.