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Human leucocyte antigen–adverse drug reaction associations: from a perspective of ethnicity
Author(s) -
Ghattaoraya G. S.,
Middleton D.,
Santos E. J. M.,
Dickson R.,
Jones A. R.,
Alfirevic A.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
international journal of immunogenetics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.41
H-Index - 47
eISSN - 1744-313X
pISSN - 1744-3121
DOI - 10.1111/iji.12304
Subject(s) - allele , ethnic group , human leukocyte antigen , linkage disequilibrium , drug reaction , medicine , genetic association , adverse drug reaction , haplotype , immunology , genetics , drug , genotype , biology , antigen , gene , pharmacology , political science , single nucleotide polymorphism , law
Summary Whilst immune‐mediated adverse drug reactions ( ADR s) are rare, they are potentially life‐threatening and present a major problem for clinicians. The underlying mechanisms that cause ADR s are not fully understood although genomewide association studies ( GWAS ) and case–control investigations have associated human leucocyte antigen ( HLA ) alleles as risk factors. There is evidence that a patient's ethnic background can have an impact on their risk of developing an ADR . This review summarizes the evidence related to HLA alleles and ADR s with particular focus on patient ethnicity. Our analysis indicated that many of the alleles which have been associated with ADR s are found at higher frequencies in Asian populations. The data also showed that many of the alleles that are reported to be statistically significantly associated with ADR s are in linkage disequilibrium with each other and that they form haplotypes specific to certain ethnicities indicating at least some of the allele associations may not be causal.