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Exploitation of lettuce waste flour to increase bread functionality: effect on physical, nutritional, sensory properties and on consumer response
Author(s) -
Plazzotta Stella,
Sillani Sandro,
Manzocco Lara
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
international journal of food science and technology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.831
H-Index - 96
eISSN - 1365-2621
pISSN - 0950-5423
DOI - 10.1111/ijfs.13820
Subject(s) - food science , chemistry , bran , leavening agent , polyphenol , wheat flour , dietary fibre , pomace , raw material , antioxidant , fermentation , biochemistry , organic chemistry
Summary Phenol and fibre‐rich flour obtained by air‐drying and grinding of lettuce waste was partially substituted (26, 53, 170 and 575 g kg −1 ) to wheat flour to produce functional bread. The addition of flour progressively decreased dough leavening capacity while increased bread moisture and firmness. Lettuce waste flour significantly increased the polyphenolic content (up to 3.4 g GAE kg −1 ) of bread samples and enhanced their antioxidant activity by 200%. Bread containing 170 and 575 g kg −1 of lettuce waste flour presented sensory properties and consumer acceptability comparable to those of commercial wholemeal bread with similar rye bran content. Bread containing at least 170 g kg −1 of lettuce waste flour could be associated to nutritional claims related to its enhanced fibre content (>30 g kg −1 ). Data obtained by conjoint analysis demonstrate the possibility of increasing consumer preference for lettuce waste flour bread by proper nutritional (fibre content) and sustainability (lettuce waste valorisation) claims.