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Effective permeation of 2.5 and 5% lidocaine hydrochloride in human skin using iontophoresis technique
Author(s) -
Manjunatha Roopa G.,
Sharma Sunil,
Narayan Ravi Prakash,
Koul Veena
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
international journal of dermatology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.677
H-Index - 93
eISSN - 1365-4632
pISSN - 0011-9059
DOI - 10.1111/ijd.14107
Subject(s) - lidocaine , lidocaine hydrochloride , medicine , permeation , iontophoresis , anesthesia , topical anesthetic , local anesthetic , pharmacokinetics , chromatography , pharmacology , biomedical engineering , chemistry , membrane , biochemistry , radiology
Background Lidocaine Hydrochloride ( HCL ) is one of the commonest topical local anesthetic drugs. The permeation of the lidocaine can be enhanced by iontophoresis ( IOP ). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the permeability of 2.5 and 5% lidocaine permeation in ex vivo human skin using different IOP waveform. Methods Continuous and modulated IOP at the current density of 0.5 mA/cm 2 were applied across human skin ( n = 3) in donor chamber of vertical diffusion cell at 2.5 and 5% lidocaine concentration. High Performance Liquid Chromatography was used to determine lidocaine concentration. Results Findings revealed that lidocaine concentration increased effectively in a time‐dependent manner in both modulated and continuous IOP at 2.5 and 5% lidocaine concentration. Compared to the passive group, the flux of lidocaine with modulated and continuous IOP were higher of about six and ten‐fold, respectively. However, no significant difference was observed between continuous and modulated IOP groups at both lidocaine concentrations. At 2.5% lidocaine concentration, the permeation time taken by modulated and continuous IOP to attain therapeutic levels of 142 and 164 μg/cm 2 , respectively, was approximately 10 minutes. At 5% lidocaine, the therapeutic permeation of 129 and 147 μg/cm 2 , respectively, was achieved at approximately 5 minutes after applying iontophoresis waveform. Conclusion Study shows that modulated IOP can be a promising alternative method in clinical settings aside from continuous IOP . Based on the clinical requirements, IOP can be used at 2.5 and 5% lidocaine concentration depending on need of relatively short or very short onset action.