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Melioidosis in children: a retrospective study
Author(s) -
Foong YeeWah,
Tan Natalie WoonHui,
Chong ChiaYin,
Thoon KohCheng,
Tee Nancy WenSim,
Koh Mark JeanAan
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
international journal of dermatology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.677
H-Index - 93
eISSN - 1365-4632
pISSN - 0011-9059
DOI - 10.1111/ijd.12837
Subject(s) - melioidosis , medicine , burkholderia pseudomallei , sepsis , pneumonia , septic shock , retrospective cohort study , septic arthritis , antibiotics , surgery , disease , pediatrics , arthritis , pathology , genetics , bacteria , microbiology and biotechnology , biology
Background Melioidosis, caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei , is endemic in Singapore and can present as localized or disseminated disease. Methods Demographic data, clinical features, investigation results, treatments, and outcomes in patients aged <16 years diagnosed with melioidosis at KK Women's and Children's Hospital between January 2002 and January 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Data for patients with primary skin disease and those with other organ involvement were compared. Results Seventeen children were diagnosed with melioidosis. Their median age was 12.5 years (range: 2–15 years). Nine (53%) patients presented with localized cutaneous melioidosis and five (29%) with localized lymphadenitis, pneumonia, or septic arthritis. The remaining three (18%) patients had melioidosis sepsis; two of these patients died from septic shock. Treatment included an initial 1–2 weeks of IV antibiotics followed by 3–6 months of oral combination antibiotics. All cases of localized cutaneous disease resolved completely with no recurrences. Three (60%) of the five patients with localized involvement of other organ systems achieved complete resolution of disease, and the remaining two were lost from follow‐up. Conclusions Although uncommon, melioidosis can occur in children living in endemic regions. Patients with localized skin disease have good outcomes with no recurrences. Systemic disease can be fatal, especially in the presence of underlying immunodeficiency. Diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion, and treatment requires prolonged combination antibiotic therapy.