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Global personal spirituality: Concept, measurement, and correlates across cultures
Author(s) -
Mathur Anil,
Barak Benny,
Zhang Yong,
Lee Keun S.,
Yoo Boonghee
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
international journal of consumer studies
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.775
H-Index - 71
eISSN - 1470-6431
pISSN - 1470-6423
DOI - 10.1111/ijcs.12464
Subject(s) - spirituality , measurement invariance , global positioning system , scale (ratio) , confirmatory factor analysis , trait , social psychology , psychology , china , structural equation modeling , geography , mathematics , statistics , computer science , political science , medicine , law , telecommunications , alternative medicine , cartography , pathology , programming language
The present study introduces a scale measuring a universal trait Global Personal Spirituality (GPS), which is independent of a person’s religion or religious belief. A series of confirmatory factor analyses with progressively more restrictive constraints were carried out to assess the GPS scale’s measurement invariance using subjects who were 30 to 69 years of age, and were from China ( N = 453), Japan ( N = 314), Korea ( N = 350), and the United States ( N = 436). The study also examines correlates of the GPS scale with selected related constructs to check for its validity. Results indicate that the GPS scale is both reliable and valid in these culturally and religiously diverse countries. Implications of the findings are discussed.