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Ion Release, Hydroxyapatite Conversion, and Cytotoxicity of Boron‐Containing Bioactive Glass Scaffolds
Author(s) -
Balasubramanian Preethi,
Grünewald Alina,
Detsch Rainer,
Hupa Leena,
Jokic Bojan,
Tallia Francesca,
Solanki Anu K.,
Jones Julian R.,
Boccaccini Aldo R.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
international journal of applied glass science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.383
H-Index - 34
eISSN - 2041-1294
pISSN - 2041-1286
DOI - 10.1111/ijag.12206
Subject(s) - materials science , boron , apatite , bioactive glass , borosilicate glass , compressive strength , chemical engineering , cytotoxicity , borate glass , dissolution , simulated body fluid , fluorapatite , nuclear chemistry , composite material , scanning electron microscope , chemistry , in vitro , organic chemistry , biochemistry , engineering
We report the development and characterization of boron‐releasing highly porous three‐dimensional bioactive glass ( BG ) scaffolds fabricated by the foam replica technique. Three types of bioactive glasses with (wt%) 0.2%, 12.5%, 25% B 2 O 3 , and related varying SiO 2 contents (wt%): 50%, 37.5%, and 25%, were investigated. The well‐known 13‐93 (silicate) and 13‐93B3 (borate) (in wt% – 56.6% B 2 O 3 , 5.5% Na 2 O, 11.1% K 2 O, 4.6% MgO, 18.5% CaO, 3.7% P 2 O 5 ) BG s were used as controls to study the influence of the presence of boron on the mechanical properties, surface reactivity, and cytotoxicity of scaffolds. Surface morphology and surface properties of the BG scaffolds were measured. X‐ray diffraction ( XRD ) analyses showed that the scaffolds of all five compositions were amorphous. The scaffolds with 12.5 wt% B 2 O 3 exhibited satisfactory compressive strength in the range of 1–2 MPa. A dissolution study in cell culture medium was carried out, and ion release profiles, and apatite formation of the scaffolds were assessed. The cytotoxicity of the scaffolds was evaluated using a stromal cell line ( ST 2). Cells were found to attach and spread well on the scaffolds' surfaces. We conclude that borosilicate scaffolds containing 12.5 wt% B 2 O 3 provide the best combination of properties, including relatively high mechanical strength, apatite formation, and cytocompatibility, and thus, they are promising candidates for bone tissue engineering.