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CXXC 5 expression in prostate cancer: implications for cancer progression
Author(s) -
Benedetti Ines,
De Marzo Angelo M.,
Geliebter Jan,
Reyes Niradiz
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
international journal of experimental pathology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.671
H-Index - 72
eISSN - 1365-2613
pISSN - 0959-9673
DOI - 10.1111/iep.12241
Subject(s) - prostate cancer , chromogenic in situ hybridization , prostate , pathology , cancer , biology , immunohistochemistry , carcinogenesis , pca3 , in situ hybridization , immunostaining , cancer research , medicine , gene expression , gene , biochemistry , genetics
Summary Identification of genes specifically deregulated in prostate adenocarcinoma may lead to discovery of new oncogenes/tumour suppressors with clinical relevance for diagnosis, prognosis and/or therapy. CXXC 5 is a gene encoding a retinoid‐inducible nuclear factor, whose overexpression in breast tumours, metastatic malignant melanomas and papillary thyroid carcinoma has been recently reported. We previously found differential expression of CXXC 5 transcripts in metastatic prostate cancer cell lines of both rat and human origin. However, knowledge on the expression of this gene in benign or malignant human prostate tissue is lacking. The aim of this study was to determine the mRNA and protein expression pattern of CXXC 5 in human benign prostate tissue, proliferative inflammatory atrophy, high‐grade prostatic intra‐epithelial neoplasia and prostate cancer, using qPCR , chromogenic in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Our results showed that protein levels determined by immunohistochemistry were in agreement with transcript levels observed by chromogenic in situ hybridization. CXXC 5 mRNA and protein expressions were significantly higher in prostate cancer, high‐grade prostatic intra‐epithelial neoplasia, and proliferative inflammatory atrophy, compared to benign prostate tissue. Significantly, within the same tissue specimens, CXXC 5 staining was stronger in malignant acini than in matched adjacent, benign acini; immunostaining for this protein was mainly localized to the nucleus of benign epithelial cells and both the nucleus and cytoplasm of malignant epithelial cells. Our findings suggest that CXXC 5 may play a role in the process of prostate carcinogenesis. Additional studies are required to determine the biological and clinical significance of CXXC 5 in prostate cancer development and/or progression.