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Effects of octenidine applied alone or mixed with sodium hypochlorite on eukaryotic cells
Author(s) -
CoaguilaLlerena H.,
Rodrigues E.M.,
Santos C.S.,
Ramos S.G.,
Medeiros M.C.,
ChavezAndrade G.M.,
GuerreiroTanomaru J.M.,
TanomaruFilho M.,
Faria G.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
international endodontic journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.988
H-Index - 119
eISSN - 1365-2591
pISSN - 0143-2885
DOI - 10.1111/iej.13347
Subject(s) - sodium hypochlorite , cytotoxicity , mtt assay , viability assay , apoptosis , alkaline phosphatase , chemistry , hypochlorite , flow cytometry , microbiology and biotechnology , pharmacology , biochemistry , in vitro , medicine , biology , enzyme , organic chemistry
Abstract Aim To assess the effects of octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT) on eukaryotic cells and the cytotoxicity of OCT associated with sodium hypochlorite – NaOCl (NaOCl/OCT). Methodology L929 fibroblasts and human osteoblast‐like cells (Saos‐2) were exposed to 0.1% OCT, 2% CHX, 2.5% NaOCl, 5.25% NaOCl and mixtures of 5.25% NaOCl and 0.1% OCT (NaOCl/OCT) at 90 : 10, 80 : 20 and 50 : 50 ratios. Cell viability was assessed by methyl‐thiazol‐tetrazolium (MTT) and neutral red (NR) assays; type of cell death, by flow cytometry; cytoskeleton, by actin and α‐tubulin fluorescence; and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, by thymolphthalein release. The data were analysed by two‐way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (α = 0.05). Results MTT and NR assays revealed that 0.1% OCT had the lowest cytotoxicity ( P < 0.05), followed by 2% CHX ( P < 0.05). The 2.5% NaOCl, NaOCl/OCT 80 : 20 and NaOCl/OCT 50 : 50 solutions had intermediate cytotoxicity. NaOCl 5.25% and NaOCl/OCT 90 : 10 had the highest cytotoxicity ( P < 0.05). The OCT group had a higher percentage of viable cells than the NaOCl and CHX groups ( P < 0.05), and induced apoptosis at higher doses. The cytoskeleton alterations were observed at 0.12%, 0.6% and 2.02% for the NaOCl, CHX and OCT groups, respectively. The solutions did not induce ALP activity. Conclusion Octenidine dihydrochloride was less cytotoxic, induced apoptosis at higher doses, caused few changes in the cytoskeleton and did not induce alkaline phosphatase activity. In addition, octenidine dihydrochloride reduced the cytotoxicity of 5.25% NaOCl when combined at 20 and 50%.