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Tooth bleaching with low‐temperature plasma lowers surface roughness and Streptococcus mutans adhesion
Author(s) -
Nam S.H.,
Ok S.M.,
Kim G.C.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
international endodontic journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.988
H-Index - 119
eISSN - 1365-2591
pISSN - 0143-2885
DOI - 10.1111/iej.12860
Subject(s) - streptococcus mutans , saliva , adhesion , tooth surface , biofilm , enamel paint , dentistry , buccal administration , surface roughness , scanning electron microscope , chemistry , nuclear chemistry , materials science , medicine , composite material , biology , biochemistry , bacteria , genetics
Aim To evaluate the structural–morphological changes in enamel surface roughness and Streptococcus mutans adhesion after tooth bleaching using plasma in combination with a low concentration of 15% carbamide peroxide (CP). Methodology Sixty pairs of premolars were randomly assigned to the treatment groups ( n = 30; buccal surface, groups 1A/2A) or controls ( n = 30; palatal surface, Groups 1B/2B). Group 1A received a low concentration of 15% CP and low‐temperature plasma. Premolars in group 1B were placed in phosphate‐buffered saline and served as controls. The buccal surface of Groups 2A was subjected to 15% CP alone, whilst the palatal surface was subsequently immersed in PBS (group 2B). After bleaching, all teeth were soaked for 1 h in artificial saliva at 37 °C. Subsequently, teeth were placed in brain–heart infusion with S. mutans at 37 °C for 24 h. The assessment of the structural–morphological changes was carried out using a biofilm assay, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Statistical analysis of the data was performed with the SPSS (SPSS Inc., Version 18.0, Chicago, IL, USA). The Student's t ‐test was used to determine whether there was a significant difference in the structural–morphological effects with and without plasma. Results Significantly less S. mutans adhesion was observed in group 1A compared with the other groups ( P < 0.05). Moreover, the surface roughness was significantly greater in group 2A compared with the other groups ( P < 0.05). Conclusions The application of plasma did not result in any structural–morphological and topographic changes in the enamel. The combined bleaching method using plasma and a low concentration of 15% CP was less destructive, particularly with respect to tooth surface changes.