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The effects of a mineral trioxide aggregate‐based sealer on the production of reactive oxygen species, nitrogen species and cytokines by two macrophage subtypes
Author(s) -
Braga J. M.,
Oliveira R. R.,
Martins R. C.,
Ribeiro Sobrinho A. P.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
international endodontic journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.988
H-Index - 119
eISSN - 1365-2591
pISSN - 0143-2885
DOI - 10.1111/iej.12234
Subject(s) - mineral trioxide aggregate , fusobacterium nucleatum , reactive oxygen species , macrophage , viability assay , microbiology and biotechnology , tumor necrosis factor alpha , interleukin , chemistry , biology , in vitro , immunology , cytokine , biochemistry , medicine , bacteria , dentistry , porphyromonas gingivalis , genetics
Aim To test the effects of a mineral trioxide aggregate‐based sealer ( MTA Fillapex ® ) and MTA ( MTA ‐Ângelus ® ) on viability and on the production of cytokines, reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) and nitrogen species ( NO ) by M 1 and M 2 inflammatory macrophages. Methodology M1 (from C57 BL /6 mice) and M 2 (from BALB /c mice) peritoneal inflammatory macrophages were obtained and cultured in vitro in the presence of original and diluted extracts of MTA and MTA Fillapex ( FLPX ). The cell viability, ROS release and the release of tumour necrosis factor‐a, interleukin ( IL )‐12, IL ‐10 and NO in response to stimulation with interferon‐γ and Fusobacterium nucleatum or Peptostreptococcus anaerobius were evaluated. The data were analysed using the Mann–Whitney test and Student's t ‐test. Results Fillapex was cytotoxic at the highest concentrations (1 : 1;1 : 2) and decreased the viability ( P < 0.05) of both macrophage types (<20%). MTA did not interfere with cellular viability. FLPX inhibited the release of ROS and decreased NO release in F. nucleatum and P. anaerobius ‐stimulated M 1 and M 2 macrophages (≤25 μ mol L –1 ). F. nucleatum– stimulated M 2 macrophage cultures released lower levels of TNF‐α when FLPX was added (≤1 ng mL −1 ). M 2 macrophages released higher (>5 ng mL −1 ) levels of IL ‐10 than M 1 macrophages. Only M 1 macrophage cultures produced IL ‐12p70. Conclusions Fillapex impaired effector immune responses during inflammation ( M 1 macrophages), as well as during healing ( M 2 macrophages) responses.