Premium
Characterizing titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles in sunscreen spray
Author(s) -
Lu P. J.,
Cheng W. L.,
Huang S. C.,
Chen Y. P.,
Chou H. K.,
Cheng H. F.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
international journal of cosmetic science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.532
H-Index - 62
eISSN - 1468-2494
pISSN - 0142-5463
DOI - 10.1111/ics.12239
Subject(s) - zinc , titanium dioxide , nanoparticle , transmission electron microscopy , dilution , economies of agglomeration , chemical engineering , particle size , materials science , nanotechnology , titanium oxide , copper , chemistry , nuclear chemistry , metallurgy , physics , engineering , thermodynamics
Synopsis Objective Numerous commercial products contain titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles ( NP s); however, many of these are not labelled as containing NP s. This study sought to develop an effective means of characterizing TiO 2 and ZnO NP s in sunscreen sprays, including the size, shape and composition of the particles as well as their aggregation/agglomeration characteristics. Methods Transmission electron microscopy ( TEM ) coupled with a window‐type microchip K‐kit/copper grid and X‐ray diffraction ( XRD ) was used to characterize the oxide NP s. Results TME pre‐treatment was performed using two approaches: using a conventional copper grid (requiring dilution) and using a K‐kit (not requiring dilution). The use of K‐kit in conjunction with XRD makes it possible to obtain direct measurements from samples that have not undergone pre‐treatment, which could otherwise alter the nature of the samples, such as the degree of agglomeration. XRD was used to obtain information related to particle size and crystal structure. A strong correlation was observed between XRD and TEM measurements. Conclusion The proposed measurement methods were shown to be highly effective in the characterization of oxide NP s in sunscreen sprays, providing consistent information related to NP s and their interactions in the formulations.