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Factorial design of essential oil extraction from F agraea fragrans R oxb. flowers and evaluation of its biological activities for perfumery and cosmetic applications
Author(s) -
Yingngam B.,
Brantner A. H.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
international journal of cosmetic science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.532
H-Index - 62
eISSN - 1468-2494
pISSN - 0142-5463
DOI - 10.1111/ics.12192
Subject(s) - essential oil , linalool , dpph , chemistry , abts , nerolidol , distillation , antioxidant , food science , chromatography , traditional medicine , organic chemistry , medicine
Synopsis Objective To optimize the extraction yields of essential oil from F agraea fragrans R oxb. flowers in hydro‐distillation using a central composite design ( CCD ) and to evaluate its biological activities for perfumery and cosmetic applications. Methods Central composite design was applied to study the influences of operational parameters [water to flower weight ( X 1 ) and distillation time ( X 2 )] on the yields of essential oil ( Y ). Chemical compositions of the essential oil extracted from the optimized condition were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Antioxidant activities of the essential oil were determined against ABTS •+ and DPPH • radicals, and the cytotoxic effects were assessed on human embryonic kidney ( HEK 293) cells by the use of the MTT assay. Also, the aromatic properties of the essential oil were evaluated by five healthy trained volunteers. Results The best conditions to obtain the maximum essential oil yield were 7.5 mL g −1 ( X 1 ) and 215 min ( X 2 ). The experimental yield of the essential oil (0.35 ± 0.02% v/w) was close to the value predicted by a mathematical model (0.35 ± 0.01% v/w). 3‐Octadecyne, Z , Z , Z ‐7,10,13‐hexadecatrienal, E ‐nerolidol, pentadecanal and linalool were the major constituents of the essential oil. The essential oil showed moderate antioxidant capacities with no toxic effects on HEK 293 cells at 1–250 μg mL −1 . Also, the essential oil exhibited a very strong aroma and was classified to be top‐ to middle‐notes. Conclusion The results offer the effectively operational conditions in the extraction of essential oil from F . fragrans using hydro‐distillation. The essential oil could be used as a natural fragrance, having antioxidant activity with slight cytotoxicity, for perfumery and cosmetic applications.