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Greater carotid intima media thickness at a younger age in HIV ‐infected patients compared with reference values for an uninfected cohort
Author(s) -
Krikke M,
Arends JE,
Van Lelyveld SFL,
Hoepelman AIM,
Visseren FLJ
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
hiv medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.53
H-Index - 79
eISSN - 1468-1293
pISSN - 1464-2662
DOI - 10.1111/hiv.12428
Subject(s) - medicine , glycated hemoglobin , intima media thickness , cohort , diabetes mellitus , cart , population , blood pressure , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , cardiology , carotid arteries , type 2 diabetes , immunology , endocrinology , mechanical engineering , environmental health , engineering
Objectives In contrast to the general population, no decline in cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) has been noted in HIV ‐infected patients over the last 10 years. We compared the carotid artery intima media thickness ( CIMT ) of HIV ‐infected patients to that of age‐ and gender‐matched reference values and determined the relationship between CVD risk factors and CIMT . Methods A total of 292 HIV ‐infected patients were enrolled in the study. Data collected included vascular screening data, data obtained using a questionnaire, data obtained from laboratory assessments and CIMT measurement. Using linear regression (adjusted for age/gender/known HIV ), the association between HIV ‐specific and classical cardiovascular risk factors and CIMT was evaluated. Results The cohort comprised for 91% of male patients, aged 49.4 ± 10.5 years, with a known duration of HIV infection of 8.8 ± 6.7 years. The mean with standard deviation (mean ± SD) CIMT was 0.77 ± 0.19 mm, compared with 0.58 ± 0.05 mm in the controls. A steeper increase of CIMT per age was seen in the HIV ‐infected patients. A significant relationship between CIMT and hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, systolic blood pressure, HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) and ankle brachial index was found. Of the HIV ‐specific variables, only a relationship between CIMT and length of cART use and between CIMT and (inversely) current cART use was seen. Conclusions A greater CIMT was found in HIV ‐infected patients compared with controls. In contrast to HIV ‐specific variables, classical CVD risk factors were associated with a greater CIMT and should therefore be the focus of preventive measures.