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Lipid‐based nutrient supplements do not affect efavirenz but lower plasma nevirapine concentrations in Ethiopian adult HIV patients
Author(s) -
Abdissa A,
Olsen MF,
Yilma D,
Tesfaye M,
Girma T,
Christiansen M,
Hagen CM,
Wiesner L,
Castel S,
Aseffa A,
McIlleron H,
Pedersen C,
Friis H,
Andersen AB
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
hiv medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.53
H-Index - 79
eISSN - 1468-1293
pISSN - 1464-2662
DOI - 10.1111/hiv.12225
Subject(s) - efavirenz , nevirapine , medicine , interquartile range , reverse transcriptase inhibitor , body mass index , gastroenterology , pharmacology , viral load , antiretroviral therapy , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , immunology
Objectives Lipid‐based nutrient supplements ( LNSs ) are increasingly used in HIV programmes in resource‐limited settings. However, the possible effects of LNSs on the plasma concentrations of antiretroviral drugs have not been assessed. Here, we aimed to assess the effects of LNSs on plasma efavirenz and nevirapine trough concentrations in E thiopian adult HIV ‐infected patients. Methods The effects of LNSs were studied in adults initiating antiretroviral therapy ( ART ) in a randomized trial. Patients with body mass index ( BMI ) > 17 kg/m 2 ( n = 282) received daily supplementation of an LNS containing whey ( LNS /w), an LNS containing soy ( LNS /s) or no LNS . Trough plasma concentrations of efavirenz and nevirapine were measured at 1 and 2 months. Genotyping for 516 G > T and 983 T > C polymorphisms of the cytochrome P 450 ( CYP ) 2 B 6 locus was performed. Multilevel linear mixed‐effects models were used to assess the associations between LNS and plasma efavirenz and nevirapine concentrations. Results In patients with BMI > 17 kg/m 2 , nevirapine concentrations were lower in the LNS /w and LNS /s groups by a median of −2.3 μg/mL [interquartile range ( IQR ) −3.9; −0.9 μg/mL; P = 0.002] and −2.1 μg/mL ( IQR −3.9; −0.9 μg/mL; P = 0.01), respectively, compared with the group not receiving supplements. There were no differences between groups with respect to efavirenz plasma concentrations. The CYP 2 B 6 516 G > T polymorphism was associated with a 5 μg/mL higher plasma efavirenz concentration compared with the wild type ( P < 0.0001), while it was not associated with plasma nevirapine concentrations. Conclusions Intake of an LNS was associated with lower plasma nevirapine trough concentrations, indicating possible drug− LNS interactions. The clinical relevance of such reductions in nevirapine exposure is not clear. Plasma efavirenz concentration was not affected by the LNS .