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The histopathology of congenital haemangioma and its clinical correlations: a long‐term follow‐up study of 55 cases
Author(s) -
El Zein Sophie,
Boccara Olivia,
Soupre Véronique,
Vieira Andre F.,
Bodemer Christine,
Coulomb Aurore,
Wassef Michel,
Fraitag Sylvie
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
histopathology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.626
H-Index - 124
eISSN - 1365-2559
pISSN - 0309-0167
DOI - 10.1111/his.14114
Subject(s) - histopathology , pathology , immunohistochemistry , medicine , concomitant , histopathological examination , staining , podoplanin , histology , lymphatic system , biology
Aims Congenital haemangiomas (CHs) can be subdivided into different subtypes [rapidly involuting CHs (RICHs), non‐involuting CHs (NICHs), and partially involuting CHs (PICHs)]. During the first few days of life, RICHs may be associated with transient but sometimes marked thrombocytopenia. We sought to assess the histological aspects and clinicopathological correlations of the three subtypes. Methods and results We assessed the histopathological features of 10 RICHs, 25 NICHs, and 20 PICHs, described the patients’ long‐term clinical outcomes, and assessed clinicopathological correlations. All CHs were located in the dermis and hypodermis, and comprised both capillary lobules (with three distinct histopathological patterns) and extralobular large vessels. Most of the extralobular vessels were abnormal veins and abnormal lymphatic vessels. We did not observe significant correlations between the CH subtype, the histopathological pattern, and the time of the histopathological assessment. Interestingly, unexpected intralobular expression of podoplanin was found in neonatal biopsies of five RICHs and PICHs. Four of these five patients had concomitant thrombocytopenia. The podoplanin staining intensity decreased over time as the thrombocytopenia resolved and the tumour shrank. Conclusion The histopathological features were similar in all three subtypes of CH, and were related to the time since disease onset; we consider that RICH, PICH and NICH form a single entity and differ only in their involuting potential. Along with the transient expression of intralobular podoplanin observed in some specimens from the newborn, the lobular architecture might lead to misdiagnosis of tufted haemangioma or kaposiform haemangioendothelioma.