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What's new in pituitary pathology?
Author(s) -
Asa Sylvia L,
Mete Ozgur
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
histopathology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.626
H-Index - 124
eISSN - 1365-2559
pISSN - 0309-0167
DOI - 10.1111/his.13295
Subject(s) - pituitary adenoma , pathology , hypophysitis , cyst , thyroid , medicine , craniopharyngioma , neuroendocrinology , pituitary gland , pituitary disease , hypopituitarism , pituitary disorder , biology , adenoma , hormone , endocrinology
The increasing recognition of pituitary disorders and their impact on quality of life and longevity has made understanding of this small gland a subject of paramount importance. Pituitary pathology has seen many significant studies that indicate progress in identification and classification of pituitary lesions, as well as improved management strategies for patients. In this review, we outline six major areas of advances: (i) changes in terminology from ‘adenoma’ to ‘pituitary neuroendocrine tumour’; (ii) reclassification of hormone‐negative tumours based on transcription factor expression that defines lineage; (iii) updates in new pathogenetic mechanisms, including those that underlie rare lesions such as X‐ LAG and pituitary blastoma; (iv) clarification of hypophysitis due to immunotherapy, xanthomatous hypophysitis due to rupture of a Rathke's cleft cyst and IgG4 disease as the cause of inflammatory pseudotumour; (v) the consolidation of pituicytoma variants, including spindle cell oncocytoma and granular cell tumour based on thyroid transcription factor‐1 ( TTF ‐1) reactivity; and (vi) the pathogenetic mechanisms that distinguish papillary from adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma. The remaining challenge is clarification of the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the development of many of these disorders.