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Toll‐like receptors 3, 4 and 9 in hepatocellular carcinoma: Relationship with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis
Author(s) -
Eiró Noemí,
Altadill Antonio,
Juárez Luis M.,
Rodríguez Manuel,
González Luis O.,
Atienza Sara,
Bermúdez Sandra,
FernandezGarcia Belen,
FresnoForcelledo Manuel F.,
Rodrigo Luis,
Vizoso Francisco J.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
hepatology research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.123
H-Index - 75
eISSN - 1872-034X
pISSN - 1386-6346
DOI - 10.1111/hepr.12180
Subject(s) - hepatocellular carcinoma , medicine , tlr4 , tlr9 , immunohistochemistry , immunostaining , toll like receptor , immune system , tlr3 , cancer , receptor , innate immune system , pathology , cancer research , oncology , immunology , biology , gene expression , biochemistry , dna methylation , gene
Aim Hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) is in the 10 leading cancer types, being difficult to detect as most of patients who develop this tumor have no symptoms other than those related to their long‐standing liver disease. The liver is constantly exposed to bacterial products, viral infection, alcohol or other products, which may be the cause of chronic liver damage, and thus an increasing risk for HCC . Toll‐like receptors ( TLR ) have gained an extraordinary interest in cancer research due to their role in several biological processes such as innate immune responses, the induction of adaptive immune responses, regulation of inflammation, would healing and carcinogenesis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the expression and clinical relevance of TLR3 , 4 and 9 in HCC . Methods The expression levels of TLR3 , TLR4 and TLR9 were analyzed in tumors from 30 patients with HCC . The analysis was performed by immunohistochemistry. Results were correlated with various clinicopathological findings and with overall survival. Results TLR3 was significantly high in large tumors (>4 cm in diameter) compared with small tumors ( P < 0.05). Our results demonstrated that patients whose tumors showed both TLR4 and TLR9 positive immunostaining had poor prognosis. In addition, TLR9 expression by fibroblast‐like cells was significantly associated with a shortened overall survival ( P = 0.015). Conclusion The results demonstrated an association between TLR3 , TLR4 and TLR9 expression and tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis in HCC .