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Cluster Headache: Potential Options for Medically Refractory Patients (When All Else Fails)
Author(s) -
Tepper Stewart J.,
Stillman Mark J.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
headache: the journal of head and face pain
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.14
H-Index - 119
eISSN - 1526-4610
pISSN - 0017-8748
DOI - 10.1111/head.12148
Subject(s) - cluster headache , refractory (planetary science) , deep brain stimulation , ganglion , medicine , anesthesia , occipital nerve stimulation , stimulation , european union , neuroscience , psychology , psychiatry , pathology , economics , international economics , physics , alternative medicine , disease , migraine , astrobiology , parkinson's disease
The most evidence exists for mixed anesthetic/steroid occipital nerve blocks (which are also useful in non‐refractory patients), deep brain stimulation, sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) blocks, SPG radiofrequency ablation, and SPG stimulation with the Autonomic Technologies, Inc (ATI) SPG Neurostimulator, the latter approved in the European Union and reimbursed in several countries.