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Examining the Extraction Efficiency of Petroleum‐Derived Dissolved Organic Matter in Contaminated Groundwater Plumes
Author(s) -
Zito Phoebe,
Ghannam Rana,
Bekins Barbara A.,
Podgorski David C.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
groundwater monitoring and remediation
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.677
H-Index - 47
eISSN - 1745-6592
pISSN - 1069-3629
DOI - 10.1111/gwmr.12349
Subject(s) - extraction (chemistry) , total petroleum hydrocarbon , environmental chemistry , dichloromethane , petroleum , solid phase extraction , hydrocarbon , aquifer , dissolved organic carbon , groundwater , contamination , chemistry , environmental science , biodegradation , chromatography , soil contamination , geology , soil science , soil water , organic chemistry , ecology , geotechnical engineering , solvent , biology
The extraction efficiency of petroleum‐derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) was examined for groundwater samples from an aquifer contaminated with crude oil. Five different types of extraction techniques were investigated to determine which method is best suited for the analysis of potentially toxic petroleum‐derived DOM. The five types were a liquid‐liquid extraction (LLE) with dichloromethane (DCM) and total petroleum hydrocarbons‐diesel range (TPH d ) with DCM (EPA method 3510C), and three solid‐phase extraction (SPE) stationary phases that are routinely used for extraction of polar analytes from water. For the LLE and TPH d , that is selective for nonpolar compounds, the extraction efficiency of petroleum‐derived DOM decreased downgradient as the petroleum‐derived DOM becomes increasingly polar due to biodegradation. In contrast, the average extraction efficiency by the SPE methods was greater than 65% across the gradient. The results showed that SPE is more efficient for extracting petroleum‐derived DOM at hydrocarbon‐contaminated sites. The use of a method with greater extraction efficiency for partially oxidized hydrocarbons may prove useful in determining relationships between their composition and structure and potential for risks to human health or the environment.