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Subjective and objective halitosis among patients with Parkinson's disease
Author(s) -
Barbe Anna Greta,
Deutscher Deborah H. C.,
Derman Sonja H. M.,
Hellmich Martin,
Noack Michael J.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
gerodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.7
H-Index - 54
eISSN - 1741-2358
pISSN - 0734-0664
DOI - 10.1111/ger.12293
Subject(s) - medicine , dry mouth , quality of life (healthcare) , visual analogue scale , parkinson's disease , saliva , dentistry , oral health , cross sectional study , disease , gastroenterology , surgery , pathology , nursing
Objectives Parkinson's disease ( PD ) affects oral health, but prevalence of subjective and objective halitosis and the influence of hyposalivation remain unclear. We aimed to explore whether patients with PD suffer from halitosis and to define correlations between halitosis and hyposalivation. We hypothesised that patients with PD suffer more often from halitosis compared to healthy controls, influenced by dry mouth. Materials and methods Subjective (halitosis, xerostomia visual analogue scale [ VAS ], short German Oral Health Impact Profile [ OHIPG ]‐14) and objective scales (e.g., organoleptic score, volatile sulphur compounds [ VSC s], stimulated whole saliva [ SWS ]) were assessed from 26 patients with PD and 26 healthy controls. Results The mean organoleptic score was 0.7 ( SD : 0.7) in all patients, and VSC s were either comparable or significantly lower (dimethyl sulphide, P = .010) in PD patients compared with controls, yet more patients with PD perceived halitosis to be stronger (77% vs 54%, respectively; P = .059). Dry mouth was significantly more likely in patients with PD than controls: mean xerostomia VAS 4 ( SD : 2) vs 1 ( SD : 2), P = .010; SWS 0.4 ( SD : 0.4) vs 0.7 ( SD : 0.6) mL/min, P < .05); SWS did not correlate with subjective or objective halitosis. Oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) was lower in patients with PD than controls (mean OHIPG ‐14 score 12 ( SD : 0.2) vs 5 ( SD : 7.0), respectively; P < .05). Conclusions Patients with PD suffer from subjective and objective halitosis, dry mouth and impaired OHRQoL. Dry mouth problems do not correlate with prevalence or intensity of halitosis.