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Tundra landscape heterogeneity, not interannual variability, controls the decadal regional carbon balance in the Western Russian Arctic
Author(s) -
Treat Claire C.,
Marushchak Maija E.,
Voigt Carolina,
Zhang Yu,
Tan Zeli,
Zhuang Qianlai,
Virtanen Tarmo A.,
Räsänen Aleksi,
Biasi Christina,
Hugelius Gustaf,
Kaverin Dmitry,
Miller Paul A.,
Stendel Martin,
Romanovsky Vladimir,
Rivkin Felix,
Martikainen Pertti J.,
Shurpali Narasinha J.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
global change biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 4.146
H-Index - 255
eISSN - 1365-2486
pISSN - 1354-1013
DOI - 10.1111/gcb.14421
Subject(s) - tundra , environmental science , permafrost , wetland , ecosystem , biogeochemical cycle , arctic , peat , land cover , carbon cycle , primary production , atmospheric sciences , physical geography , climatology , land use , ecology , geology , geography , oceanography , biology
Across the Arctic, the net ecosystem carbon (C) balance of tundra ecosystems is highly uncertain due to substantial temporal variability of C fluxes and to landscape heterogeneity. We modeled both carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and methane (CH 4 ) fluxes for the dominant land cover types in a ~100‐km 2 sub‐Arctic tundra region in northeast European Russia for the period of 2006–2015 using process‐based biogeochemical models. Modeled net annual CO 2 fluxes ranged from −300 g C m −2 year −1 [net uptake] in a willow fen to 3 g C m −2 year −1 [net source] in dry lichen tundra. Modeled annual CH 4 emissions ranged from −0.2 to 22.3 g C m −2 year −1 at a peat plateau site and a willow fen site, respectively. Interannual variability over the decade was relatively small (20%–25%) in comparison with variability among the land cover types (150%). Using high‐resolution land cover classification, the region was a net sink of atmospheric CO 2 across most land cover types but a net source of CH 4 to the atmosphere due to high emissions from permafrost‐free fens. Using a lower resolution for land cover classification resulted in a 20%–65% underestimation of regional CH 4 flux relative to high‐resolution classification and smaller (10%) overestimation of regional CO 2 uptake due to the underestimation of wetland area by 60%. The relative fraction of uplands versus wetlands was key to determining the net regional C balance at this and other Arctic tundra sites because wetlands were hot spots for C cycling in Arctic tundra ecosystems.