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A global synthesis of the effects of diversified farming systems on arthropod diversity within fields and across agricultural landscapes
Author(s) -
Lichtenberg Elinor M.,
Kennedy Christina M.,
Kremen Claire,
Batáry Péter,
Berendse Frank,
Bommarco Riccardo,
BosquePérez Nilsa A.,
Carvalheiro Luísa G.,
Snyder William E.,
Williams Neal M.,
Winfree Rachael,
Klatt Björn K.,
Åström Sandra,
Benjamin Faye,
Brittain Claire,
ChaplinKramer Rebecca,
Clough Yann,
Danforth Bryan,
Diekötter Tim,
Eigenbrode Sanford D.,
Ekroos Johan,
Elle Elizabeth,
Freitas Breno M.,
Fukuda Yuki,
GainesDay Hannah R.,
Grab Heather,
Gratton Claudio,
Holzschuh Andrea,
Isaacs Rufus,
Isaia Marco,
Jha Shalene,
Jonason Dennis,
Jones Vincent P.,
Klein AlexandraMaria,
Krauss Jochen,
Letourneau Deborah K.,
Macfadyen Sarina,
Mallinger Rachel E.,
Martin Emily A.,
Martinez Eliana,
Memmott Jane,
Morandin Lora,
Neame Lisa,
Otieno Mark,
Park Mia G.,
Pfiffner Lukas,
Pocock Michael J. O.,
Ponce Carlos,
Potts Simon G.,
Poveda Katja,
Ramos Mariangie,
Rosenheim Jay A.,
Rundlöf Maj,
Sardiñas Hillary,
Saunders Manu E.,
Schon Nicole L.,
Sciligo Amber R.,
Sidhu C. Sheena,
SteffanDewenter Ingolf,
Tscharntke Teja,
Veselý Milan,
Weisser Wolfgang W.,
Wilson Julianna K.,
Crowder David W.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
global change biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 4.146
H-Index - 255
eISSN - 1365-2486
pISSN - 1354-1013
DOI - 10.1111/gcb.13714
Subject(s) - species richness , ecosystem services , ecology , biodiversity , species evenness , diversification (marketing strategy) , agroforestry , ecosystem , spatial heterogeneity , agriculture , geography , biology , business , marketing
Agricultural intensification is a leading cause of global biodiversity loss, which can reduce the provisioning of ecosystem services in managed ecosystems. Organic farming and plant diversification are farm management schemes that may mitigate potential ecological harm by increasing species richness and boosting related ecosystem services to agroecosystems. What remains unclear is the extent to which farm management schemes affect biodiversity components other than species richness, and whether impacts differ across spatial scales and landscape contexts. Using a global metadataset, we quantified the effects of organic farming and plant diversification on abundance, local diversity (communities within fields), and regional diversity (communities across fields) of arthropod pollinators, predators, herbivores, and detritivores. Both organic farming and higher in‐field plant diversity enhanced arthropod abundance, particularly for rare taxa. This resulted in increased richness but decreased evenness. While these responses were stronger at local relative to regional scales, richness and abundance increased at both scales, and richness on farms embedded in complex relative to simple landscapes. Overall, both organic farming and in‐field plant diversification exerted the strongest effects on pollinators and predators, suggesting these management schemes can facilitate ecosystem service providers without augmenting herbivore (pest) populations. Our results suggest that organic farming and plant diversification promote diverse arthropod metacommunities that may provide temporal and spatial stability of ecosystem service provisioning. Conserving diverse plant and arthropod communities in farming systems therefore requires sustainable practices that operate both within fields and across landscapes.