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Ocean cleaning stations under a changing climate: biological responses of tropical and temperate fish‐cleaner shrimp to global warming
Author(s) -
Rosa Rui,
Lopes Ana Rita,
Pimentel Marta,
Faleiro Filipa,
Baptista Miguel,
Trübenbach Katja,
Narciso Luis,
Dionísio Gisela,
Pegado Maria Rita,
Repolho Tiago,
Calado Ricardo,
Diniz Mário
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
global change biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 4.146
H-Index - 255
eISSN - 1365-2486
pISSN - 1354-1013
DOI - 10.1111/gcb.12621
Subject(s) - shrimp , temperate climate , biology , ecology , acclimatization , effects of global warming on oceans , global warming , climate change
Cleaning symbioses play an important role in the health of certain coastal marine communities. These interspecific associations often occur at specific sites (cleaning stations) where a cleaner organism (commonly a fish or shrimp) removes ectoparasites/damaged tissue from a ‘client’ (a larger cooperating fish). At present, the potential impact of climate change on the fitness of cleaner organisms remains unknown. This study investigated the physiological and biochemical responses of tropical ( Lysmata amboinensis ) and temperate ( L. seticaudata ) cleaner shrimp to global warming. Specifically, thermal limits ( CTM ax), metabolic rates, thermal sensitivity, heat shock response ( HSR ), lipid peroxidation [malondialdehyde ( MDA ) concentration], lactate levels, antioxidant ( GST , SOD and catalase) and digestive enzyme activities (trypsin and alkaline phosphatase) at current and warming (+3 °C) temperature conditions. In contrast to the temperate species, CTM ax values decreased significantly from current (24–27 °C) to warming temperature conditions (30 °C) for the tropical shrimp, where metabolic thermal sensitivity was affected and the HSR was significantly reduced. MDA levels in tropical shrimp increased dramatically, indicating extreme cellular lipid peroxidation, which was not observed in the temperate shrimp. Lactate levels, GST and SOD activities were significantly enhanced within the muscle tissue of the tropical species. Digestive enzyme activities in the hepatopancreas of both species were significantly decreased by warmer temperatures. Our data suggest that the tropical cleaner shrimp will be more vulnerable to global warming than the temperate Lysmata seticaudata ; the latter evolved in a relatively unstable environment with seasonal thermal variations that may have conferred greater adaptive plasticity. Thus, tropical cleaning symbioses may be challenged at a greater degree by warming‐related anthropogenic forcing, with potential cascading effects on the health and structuring of tropical coastal communities (e.g. coral reefs).