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Geochemically distinct carbon isotope distributions in Allochromatium vinosum DSM 180 T grown photoautotrophically and photoheterotrophically
Author(s) -
Tang T.,
Mohr W.,
Sattin S. R.,
Rogers D. R.,
Girguis P. R.,
Pearson A.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
geobiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.859
H-Index - 72
eISSN - 1472-4669
pISSN - 1472-4677
DOI - 10.1111/gbi.12221
Subject(s) - chemistry , phytol , isotopes of carbon , heterotroph , autotroph , anoxygenic photosynthesis , stable isotope probing , isotope fractionation , environmental chemistry , stable isotope ratio , biochemistry , isotope , phototroph , bacteria , biology , photosynthesis , organic chemistry , total organic carbon , fractionation , microorganism , paleontology , physics , quantum mechanics
Anoxygenic, photosynthetic bacteria are common at redox boundaries. They are of interest in microbial ecology and geosciences through their role in linking the carbon, sulfur, and iron cycles, yet much remains unknown about how their flexible carbon metabolism—permitting either autotrophic or heterotrophic growth—is recorded in the bulk sedimentary and lipid biomarker records. Here, we investigated patterns of carbon isotope fractionation in a model photosynthetic sulfur‐oxidizing bacterium, Allochromatium vinosum DSM 180 T . In one treatment, A. vinosum was grown with CO 2 as the sole carbon source, while in a second treatment, it was grown on acetate. Different intracellular isotope patterns were observed for fatty acids, phytol, individual amino acids, intact proteins, and total RNA between the two experiments. Photoautotrophic CO 2 fixation yielded typical isotopic ordering for the lipid biomarkers: δ 13 C values of phytol > n ‐alkyl lipids. In contrast, growth on acetate greatly suppressed intracellular isotopic heterogeneity across all molecular classes, except for a marked 13 C‐depletion in phytol. This caused isotopic “inversion” in the lipids (δ 13 C values of phytol < n ‐alkyl lipids). The finding suggests that inverse δ 13 C patterns of n‐ alkanes and pristane/phytane in the geologic record may be at least in part a signal for photoheterotrophy. In both experimental scenarios, the relative isotope distributions could be predicted from an isotope flux‐balance model, demonstrating that microbial carbon metabolisms can be interrogated by combining compound‐specific stable isotope analysis with metabolic modeling. Isotopic differences among molecular classes may be a means of fingerprinting microbial carbon metabolism, both in the modern environment and the geologic record.